Wie is de baas van de lokale politie? Balans tussen community policing en het gebruik van ingrijpende politietechnieken

In dit Cahier worden twee thema’s behandeld: gezagsrelaties bij de lokale politie en de balans tussen community policing en het gebruik van ingrijpende politietechnieken. Beide onderwerpen vormden elk op zich een thema van een studiedag georganiseerd door het Centrum voor Politiestudies. De teksten van de verschillende sprekers werden hier voor u gebundeld. In het kader van de politionele besluitvorming zijn zowel de burgemeester (of het politiecollege) als de procureur des Konings verantwoordelijk voor het lokale politiebeleid en spelen zij een voorname rol bij de totstandkoming van dit beleid. Voor de lokale politionele beleidsvoering houdt dat in dat de korpschef bij het uitvoeren van het beleid rekening moet houden met deze twee overheden, die soms tegenstrijdige belangen hebben. Het eerste deel van deze publicatie besteedt dan ook aandacht aan deze gezagsoverheden en hun onderlinge verhouding tot de lokale politieorganisatie Centraal staat daarbij de vraag: "Wie is de baas van de lokale politie?”. In het tweede deel wordt gefocust op het politiefunctioneren. Het discours over het optreden van de politie zit vaak gewrongen in een tweespalt tussen hard en zacht politieoptreden. Hierbij worden dan vaak gemeenschapsgerichte politiezorg en politionele repressie tegenover elkaar gesteld. Deze tegenstrijdigheid vindt zijn oorsprong in het feit dat in een democratische samenleving tegelijkertijd gevraagd wordt om bescherming door de politie én tegen de politie. Dit maakt van de politieorganisatie een ambigue organisatie, waardoor de organisatoren reeds vaak geprobeerd hebben om het dilemma tussen het gebruik van ingrijpende politietechnieken en methoden, die vaak gepaard gaan met een repressief politieoptreden, en gemeenschapsgerichte politiezorg samen in de weegschaal te leggen

Capacitive crosstalk in gate-based dispersive sensing of spin qubits

In gate-based dispersive sensing, the response of a resonator attached to a quantum dot gate is detected by a reflected radio-frequency signal. This enables fast readout of spin qubits and tune up of arrays of quantum dots, but comes at the expense of increased susceptibility to crosstalk, as the resonator can amplify spurious signals and induce fluctuations in the quantum dot potential. We attach tank circuits with superconducting NbN inductors and internal quality factors $Q_{\mathrm{i}}$>1000 to the interdot barrier gate of silicon double quantum dot devices. Measuring the interdot transition in transport, we quantify radio-frequency crosstalk that results in a ring-up of the resonator when neighbouring plunger gates are driven with frequency components matching the resonator frequency. This effect complicates qubit operation and scales with the loaded quality factor of the resonator, the mutual capacitance between device gate electrodes, and with the inverse of the parasitic capacitance to ground. Setting qubit frequencies below the resonator frequency is expected to substantially suppress this type of crosstalk.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, supplementary informatio

Diversity and genetic architecture of agro-morphological traits in a core collection of European traditional tomato

European traditional tomato varieties have been selected by farmers given their consistent performance and adaptation to local growing conditions. Here we developed a multipurpose core collection, comprising 226 accessions representative of the genotypic, phenotypic, and geographical diversity present in European traditional tomatoes, to investigate the basis of their phenotypic variation, gene×environment interactions, and stability for 33 agro-morphological traits. Comparison of the traditional varieties with a modern reference panel revealed that some traditional varieties displayed excellent agronomic performance and high trait stability, as good as or better than that of their modern counterparts. We conducted genome-wide association and genome-wide environment interaction studies and detected 141 quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Out of those, 47 QTLs were associated with the phenotype mean (meanQTLs), 41 with stability (stbQTLs), and 53 QTL-by-environment interactions (QTIs). Most QTLs displayed additive gene actions, with the exception of stbQTLs, which were mostly recessive and overdominant QTLs. Both common and specific loci controlled the phenotype mean and stability variation in traditional tomato; however, a larger proportion of specific QTLs was observed, indicating that the stability gene regulatory model is the predominant one. Developmental genes tended to map close to meanQTLs, while genes involved in stress response, hormone metabolism, and signalling were found within regions affecting stability. A total of 137 marker–trait associations for phenotypic means and stability were novel, and therefore our study enhances the understanding of the genetic basis of valuable agronomic traits and opens up a new avenue for an exploitation of the allelic diversity available within European traditional tomato germplasmThis work was supported by European Commission H2020 research and innovation program through TRADITOM grant agreement no. 634561, G2P-SOL, grant agreement no. 677379, and HARNESSTOM grant agreement no. 101000716. Networking activities were funded by COST Actions “EUROCAROTEN CA15136 and ‘RoxyCOST’ CA18210 ‘RoxyCOSTPostprint (published version

A Deployable Mast for Adaptable Textile Architecture

p. 252-263Proposed here is a concept for a deployable mast with angulated scissor units, for use in adaptable temporary architectural constructions. The adaptable structure serves as a tower or truss-like mast for a temporary tensile surface structure and doubles up as an active element during the erection process. The mast consists of scissor-like elements (SLE¿s) which are an effective way of introducing a single D.O.F.(degree of freedom) mechanism into a structure, providing it with the necessary kinematic properties for transforming from a compact state to a larger, expanded state. The scissor units used here are not comprised of straight bars, but rather consist of angulated elements, i.e. bars having a kink angle. Although primarily intended for radially deployable closed loop structures, it is shown in this paper that angulated elements can also prove valuable for use in a linear threedimensional scissor geometry.De Temmerman, N.; Mollaert, M.; De Laet, L.; Van Mele, T.; Guldentops, L.; Henrotay, C.; Debacker, W.... (2009). A Deployable Mast for Adaptable Textile Architecture. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/650

Should I Get Screened for Sleeping Sickness? A Qualitative Study in Kasai Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Active screening strategies are common disease control interventions in the context of poor and remote rural communities with no direct access to healthcare facilities. For such activities to be as effective as possible, it is necessary that they are well adapted to local socio-economic and cultural settings. Our aim was to gain insight into the barriers communities in the Kasai-Oriental province of the Democratic Republic of Congo experience in relation to their participation in active screening activities for African sleeping sickness. Participation rates seem to be especially low in this province compared to other endemic regions in the country. We found several important factors to be in play, a number of which could be addressed by adapting the operational procedures of the mobile teams that perform the active screening activities (e.g., improved confidentiality during the screening procedure). However, more profound considerations were found in the form of regional beliefs related to the treatment of the disease. Although not based on rational grounds, these prohibitions seem to pose a significant barrier in a person's decision to seek diagnosis and treatment. A better understanding of these prohibitions and their origin could lead to improved participation rates for sleeping sickness screening in Kasai-Oriental